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Ways of radioactive materials saving in the Czech Republic and in the world
Polák, Luboš ; Šen, Hugo (referee) ; Nerud, Pavel (advisor)
Management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste are many. The aim of this thesis was to summarize the attitude of the Czech Republic and the other major countries on this issue. First is given the classification of radioactive waste according to various criteria. Consequently, it is defined and described the fuel cycle, as the largest producer of all types of radioactive waste. Then is analyzed approach of the Czech Republic to the management of all type radioactive waste and the attitude to deep geological repository. At the end are some, in this respect, major countries and their attitude to deal with spent nuclear fuel, radioactive waste and the method of final disposal.
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Evaluation of Power Efficiency of Radioactive Waste Management Technologies Used in the Czech Republic
Penzinger, Pavel ; Varmuža, Jan (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of power efficiency of technologies for the radioactive waste management used in the Czech Republic. Thesis is divided into two main parts – theoretical part and a practical part. Theoretical part of the thesis deals with a brief description of the organization connected with radioactive waste operating in the Czech Republic and storage of low and intermediate level waste in the Czech Republic. This is followed by various kinds of radioactive waste division according to Czech legislation and regulations of the International Atomic Energy Agency. There is also a description of the most used technologies and methods o of radioactive waste management technology used in the Czech Republic and world. Practical part contains specific evaluation of energy efficiency of each technology for the radioactive waste management. Each evaluation contains the energy efficiency of production use materials and transport. Evaluates are technologies used consistently and for sufficient quantities. Energy efficiency is describe from the place of origin of radioactive waste, which is the Nuclear power plant Dukovany, Nuclear power plant Temelín and ÚJV Řež, a.s. The end of description is the repository site of radioactive waste Dukovany for radioactive waste from nuclear power plants or disposal site Richard for institutional radioactive waste.
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Transmutation of spent nuclear fuel
Šajdler, Miroslav ; Foral, Štěpán (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with spent nuclear fuel – its composition, disposal, reprocessing and transmutation. In the beginning, you can find the classification of radioactive waste, and then I am explaining the policy of the Czech Republic towards disposal of nuclear waste. This is followed by the comparison of the policy in other countries. The thesis also contains various methods used to reprocess spent nuclear waste, composition of spent nuclear waste – based on its radioactivity and radiotoxicity and future technologies for nuclear reprocessing. In the end, I tried to describe a simple model simulating transmutation in light water and fast reactor.
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Nuclear Power Plants Security
Štěpán, Jakub ; Smutný, Milan (referee) ; Ellederová, Eva (advisor)
Koncept bezpečnosti a zabezpečení jaderných elektráren je složitý. Bezpečný provoz jaderných elektráren má zásadní význam pro spolehlivou a neškodnou výrobu elektřiny. Nehoda spojená s tímto typem zařízení by mohla mít negativní dopad na zdraví lidí, volně žijících zvířat, a mohla by způsobit znečištění životního prostředí. Cílem této bakalářské práce je vymezit koncept bezpečnosti a zabezpečení jaderných elektráren a prodiskutovat způsoby prevence jaderné katastrofy. Teoretická část práce se zabývá vymezením základních provozních principů jaderných elektráren. Dále jsou diskutována a ilustrována bezpečnostní a zabezpečovací opatření. Následně je zkoumán dopad jaderných elektráren na životní prostředí za běžného provozu. V závěru jsou popsány důsledky selhání bezpečnostních a zabezpečovacích opatření na historických příkladech. Praktická část práce, která byla realizována prostřednictvím online dotazníkového šetření, se zabývá mírou povědomí veřejnosti o bezpečnosti jaderných elektráren a jejich dopadu na životní prostředí.
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Design modification of the collimator for RAW measuring system
Svoboda, Štěpán ; Lisý, Martin (referee) ; Šen, Hugo (advisor)
This thesis deals with structural design of collimator. Collimator is important component of radioactivity measuring device. This apparatus is made by Envinet. Collimator is part of device, which makes good conditions for measuring radioactivity, protects detector and tries avoid overload detector. In this thesis is dealt simplification of collimator. It supposed, that simplified collimator will be more reliable. This proposal saves more money, because company will not have to send employee of Envinet to service their measuring devices in a very distant countries, such as Russia, Ukraine etc.
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Survey of public opinion about the building of deep geological depository in Jistebnice location
KLOTZOVÁ, Alena
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of construction and operation of a deep repository and finding out the attitide of the affected inhabitants and the city council to this issue. The work is divided into two parts a theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the current legislation relating to nuclear safety and safety of deep repository for radioactive waste and the basic concepts that will help to understand the issue. This section further describes what radioactive waste is and how i tis classified into categories. The theoretical part presents the development of deep repositories in the world, in the Czech Republic. Last but not least, the proposed economic and social benefits for the region, where a deep repository for radioactive waste should be built, are presented. Part of this work i salso crisis communication, which is an integral part of this topic and related current trends, in crisis communication. This is followed by communication with the population dring the nuclear accident and published experience in risk communication in Fukushima after the nuclear accident in 2011. In the practical part, a survey was conducted, which uses the method of a questionnaire, the aim of which was to determine the attitudes of the inhabitants of Jitebnice to the construction and subsequent operation of a deep repository for radioactive wase. The opinions of the members of the Jistebnice City Council were ascertained in a similar way. The questionnaire survey serves as a source of information, which was processed into graphs, interpreted and then discussed.
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Adsorption of radionuclides in granite pores and micropores
Šindelář, Jakub ; Mls, Jiří (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jaromír (referee)
Adsorption of radionuclides in granite pores and micropores ABSTRACT This graduation thesis deals with laboratory determination of adsorption isotherms parameters. Granite from the central moldanubian pluton, site Panské Dubenky, Czech Republic, was chosen to the experiment. The place is one of the candidate sites to build a deep nuclear waste disposal. A batch experiment was performed in two modes, differing in the way of addition of radioactive nuclide 90 Sr. From this experiment, distribution coefficients for a linear isotherm or parameters for Langmuir isotherm were obtained. Beside this, a through-diffusion experiment was performed. The objective of this experiment was to identify whether some of the radionuclides used (137 Cs, 90 Sr, 125 I) is able to penetrate through the pores of a granite slice barrier between two solutions of different concentrations. During the period of the experiment no radionuclide was detected reliably.
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Czech nuclear law
Vavříková, Alena ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Tématem této práce je České atomové právo. Atomové právo je tvořeno soustavou právních norem, které regulují činnosti právnických a fyzických osob související s mírovým využíváním atomové energie a ionizujícího záření. Atomové právo je velmi úzce spojeno s přírodovědnými vědními obory, a proto je pro jeho pochopení důležitá alespoň základní věcná znalost této materie. Stručný souhrn nejdůležitějších vědně-historických milníků uvádím v první kapitole této práce. Následují kapitoly věnované historickému vývoji právní úpravy atomového práva a současné právní úpravě atomového práva. Vývoj atomového práva je nahlížen jak z hlediska mezinárodního a evropského tak národního. Českou právní úpravu atomového práva porovnávám s právní úpravou finskou a zamýšlím se nad jejich odlišnostmi a možnostmi, jak by jedna mohla obohatit druhou. U obou úprav porovnávám kromě formální stránky také nástroje ochrany životního prostředí a zásady, které jsou pro ně stěžejní. Vzhledem k možnému zneužití jaderných materiálů k válečným účelům a rovněž s ohledem na potenciální přeshraniční dopady případné jaderné havárie se právní regulací mírového využívání jaderné energie a ionizujícího záření zabývají mnohé mezinárodní organizace, kterým v této práci pro jejich důležitost a autoritu věnuji samostatnou kapitolu. České atomové...
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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Atomic Power Station Jaslovské Bohunice
Ušáková, Diana ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
The impacts of nuclear power are now very important component of the impact assessment of the energy industry on the environment. The first nuclear power plant, which was built in the former Czechoslovakia is nuclear power plant called Jaslovské Bohunice, which is located in the western part of the Slovak Republic. Environmental load, but compared with thermal power plants is much lower, since the nuclear power plant produces smaller amounts of emissions and greenhouse gases such as thermal power plant. The concentration of radioactive substances in the ambient atmosphere and hydrosphere is much lower than permissible limits. Dispersion of harmful radioactive substances, however, implemented a broad area. Bohunice nuclear power plant is equipped with a special system for processing radioactive waste and the management of it, which is a major advantage in the use of these technologies. The survey population around Jaslovské Bohunice concerned people of various ages who were mostly university education. The public, which the operation of a nuclear power plant directly relates to the earlier welcomed the development of nuclear energy in Slovak as the forced outage. The questionnaire revealed that much of the population does not have the necessary data regarding the management of radioactive waste. The...
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Czech nuclear law
Künzel, Karel ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
89 Abstract The topic of the thesis concerns Czech nuclear law. Nuclear law can be defined as a set of special legal norms adjusting the terms of the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage, protection of population and environment against ionizing radiation, radiation accidents solving and treatment of radioactive waste. As such, nuclear law fully adjust the behaviour of all the natural and legal persons who are concerned with activities connected to the nuclear materials, ionizing radiation and natural resources of ionizing radiation. The field of nuclear law is closely connected to the branches of science dealing with the nuclear energy and ionizing radiation usage; therefore, the factual issues of which at least the fundamental knowledge is necessary for the understanding of nuclear law are given space at the beginning of the thesis. In its provisions, Czech nuclear law adjustment also reflect a number of international treaties and European Union regulations. On account of this, the next part of the thesis deals briefly with the international and European nuclear law adjustment. Important international organizations of the field are mentioned as well. The core of the paper consists in the part concerning the outline and analysis of the present adjustment of Czech nuclear law. The taxonomy of this...
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